Knowing two languages ​​may delay Alzheimer’s by 5 years

Researchers have found that knowing two languages ​​can delay the onset of Alzheimer’s by up to five years compared to monolingual people. It has been noted that people who speak two languages ​​preserve the volume of the hippocampus and increase their brain resistance.

It has long been known that learning a foreign language alongside your native language has cognitive benefits for older adults.

Research shows that it helps delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease by up to five years compared to monolingual adults.

In a new study published in the journal Bilingualism, Concordia researchers used neuroimaging methods to examine brain resistance in areas of the brain associated with language and aging.
They found that the hippocampus was significantly larger in bilinguals with Alzheimer’s disease than in monolinguals when matched for age, education, cognitive function, and memory.

“There was more brain matter in the hippocampus, which is a key area in the brain for learning and memory and is very much affected by Alzheimer’s,” said study lead author Kristina Coulter, a doctoral candidate. The researchers compared brain characteristics in monolingual and bilingual older adults who were cognitively normal, at risk for subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, or had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. They found that while there was evidence of hippocampal atrophy among monolingual individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s, there was no change in hippocampal volume in bilinguals across the continuum of Alzheimer’s development.
“Brain volume in the Alzheimer’s-related area was the same in healthy older adults, in the two-risk group, and in the Alzheimer’s disease group of bilingual participants. This suggests that there may be some form of brain maintenance associated with being bilingual,” Coulter said. “Speaking more than one language is one of several ways to be cognitively and socially engaged that supports brain health,” Phillips said. “This study is unique in that it was able to examine the potential impact of knowing two languages ​​on brain structure across the continuum of dementia risk, from individuals who are cognitively normal to those at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s to those who have actually developed the disease.” Future work by Concordia researchers will investigate whether being multilingual has a similar positive effect on brain networks.
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