Global alert against typhoid superbug: Drug resistance is increasing!

While many diseases have been brought under control thanks to modern medicine, ancient threats like typhoid still pose serious risks to human health. Although typhoid is rarely seen in developed countries, it continues to be a widespread public health problem in many parts of the world, especially in South Asia. What’s more, drug-resistant bacteria that have emerged in recent years are making it increasingly difficult to treat this disease.

While many diseases have been brought under control thanks to modern medicine, ancient threats such as typhoid still pose serious risks to human health.
Recent research has shown that The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi), which causes typhoid fever, is rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics, threatening the limited drug options available to treat the disease.
A 2022 study examined the genomes of 3,489 typhoid strains collected from Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India between 2014 and 2019. The study found a striking increase in cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Typhi. These bacteria have become resistant not only to traditional antibiotics, but also to newer antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins.
Although XDR Typhi is primarily seen in South Asia, research suggests there have been more than 200 instances of international spread of the bacteria since 1990. In addition to spreading to Southeast Asia and Africa, the bacteria has also been detected in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
According to experts, there is currently only one oral antibiotic left that is effective in treating typhoid: azithromycin. However, genetic mutations that confer resistance to this drug are also reported to be spreading rapidly.

Dr. “The rapid spread of resistant strains of S Typhi highlights the urgent need to expand preventive measures, particularly in high-risk countries,” said Jason Andrews.

Typhoid, which has a mortality rate of up to 20% if left untreated, causes 11 million new cases each year. Experts believe future epidemics can be prevented with typhoid conjugate vaccines. However, they point out that the global availability of these vaccines needs to be increased.
Scientists state that the emergence of typhoid cases resistant to XDR and azithromycin is an urgent call to accelerate these vaccination efforts. Otherwise, the world could face a new health crisis.
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